Clinical Relevance of Cortical Spreading Depression in Neurological Disorders: Migraine, Malignant Stroke, Subarachnoid and Intracranial Hemorrhage, and Traumatic Brain Injury

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is linked to brain ion homeostasis failure. It leads to the release of excitatory amino acids from nerve cells. CSD is associated with increased energy metabolism and changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF). Strong evidence indicates CSD plays a role in migraine and stroke. It also relates to subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury. These findings suggest CSD could worsen outcomes for cerebrovascular events. The brain's microenvironment composition and perfusion level are crucial to these outcomes. This research uses novel invasive techniques to connect CSD with these acute neurological disorders. The results have significant implications for monitoring patients in intensive care units. They may also influence treatment strategies to minimize neuronal damage. By applying insights from animal studies, we propose methods to prevent further injury during acute brain events. This could improve patient recovery and treatment effectiveness in clinical settings. Clinical relevance: Understanding CSD can guide better monitoring and treatment for acute brain injuries.