Pathophysiology of Migraine

Migraine is a complex neurological condition involving the brain and its tissues. Initially thought to be a blood vessel disorder, new evidence suggests otherwise. Migraine results from interactions within the peripheral and central nervous systems. The trigeminovascular system and cerebral cortex are key players during attacks. Recent advances in technologies have enhanced our understanding of migraine. Cortical spreading depression plays a significant role in migraine attacks. The activation of the trigeminovascular system is also crucial for understanding migraines. Neuropeptides and ion channels contribute to the excitatory and inhibitory imbalance. This imbalance makes migraine sufferers more prone to attacks. The review highlights emerging concepts that enhance our understanding of migraine mechanisms. It also emphasizes therapeutic directions that may improve treatments for patients. Overall, this research aims to deepen our grasp of migraine's pathophysiology and develop effective interventions for those affected. Clinical relevance: This research reveals insights into migraine mechanisms, guiding potential new therapeutic strategies.