Engineered Extracellular Vesicles As a New Delivery Platform for Migraine.

Migraine is a complex neurovascular disorder that's tough to treat effectively. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) complicates therapies targeting the trigeminovascular system and neuroinflammation. Current treatments, like CGRP inhibitors, show limited success and possible side effects. This highlights the need for better delivery methods across the BBB. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) present a promising solution for these challenges. Engineered EVs can penetrate the BBB efficiently and deliver multiple therapies directly. This review discusses how traditional treatments fall short and how engineered EVs can improve outcomes. It emphasizes the role of native EVs in migraine development, identifying intervention points. The article outlines strategies for producing and modifying EVs for optimal targeting. It also addresses critical aspects of manufacturing EVs, including quality control and regulatory challenges. By integrating innovative pharmaceutical technologies, this research aims to enhance migraine treatments and provide more reliable patient care. Clinical relevance: This research highlights engineered extracellular vesicles as a promising approach for more effective migraine treatments.