Non-Pharmacological Treatments of Migraine: Current Evidence and Clinical Practice.

Non-pharmacological treatments for migraine are increasingly popular for prevention. These methods may be preferred for sensitive populations like pregnant women and older adults. They can also complement traditional pharmacological treatments based on individual needs. However, many studies have varying designs, leading to uncertainties about their effectiveness. This review summarizes the current evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for migraines. Recent studies highlight acupuncture, physical therapy, psychological therapies, biofeedback, and neuromodulation. These treatments show modest but significant benefits for migraine symptoms. Acupuncture reduces monthly headache days, while aerobic exercise and yoga show larger effects on headache frequency. Psychological therapies slightly improve headache days, intensity, and medication use. Evidence for neuromodulation treatments remains unclear. Although efficacy for sensitive groups is limited, physical therapy and psychological therapies can still be beneficial. Overall, while these interventions may help, the quality of evidence varies greatly and requires further investigation. Clinical relevance: This research supports the use of non-pharmacological treatments for migraine, particularly in sensitive patient groups.