Vestibular Migraine: A Systematic Literature Search and Narrative Review of Diagnostic Criteria, Pathophysiology, Differential Diagnosis, and Treatment Approaches.

This review highlights important findings about vestibular migraine. It summarizes diagnostic criteria and treatment options. Vestibular migraine is a type of migraine that causes dizziness and balance issues. Researchers conducted a thorough literature search across multiple databases. They focused on studies published between May 2021 and May 2026. A total of 663 records were examined, and 72 studies were included. The review found that vestibular migraine involves complex biological mechanisms. These include trigeminovascular activation and CGRP signaling. Central sensitization also plays a role in this condition. The findings suggest that diagnosing vestibular migraine can be challenging. Treatments may involve medications targeting CGRP and other therapies. Understanding vestibular migraine better can help in managing symptoms effectively. This research aims to improve the recognition and treatment of vestibular migraine for better patient outcomes. Clinical relevance: This research provides insights into vestibular migraine, aiding diagnosis and treatment strategies for patients experiencing dizziness and migraine symptoms.