The role of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of migraine: from molecular insights to potential biomarkers.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an important role in migraine development. These molecules help regulate gene expression and are linked to migraine symptoms. Researchers reviewed existing studies on microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. They found that certain microRNAs, like miR-155 and miR-34a-5p, are expressed differently in migraine patients. These expression changes relate to the migraine attack phase and treatment responses. The long non-coding RNA NEAT1 affects how mice respond to light sensitivity during migraines. However, most studies used male mice, which is a limitation. This research suggests that ncRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for migraine diagnosis and treatment. Understanding these molecules may lead to better-targeted therapies for patients suffering from migraines, especially since women are more affected than men. Overall, ncRNAs could help improve our understanding of migraine mechanisms and treatment options in the future. Clinical relevance: This research highlights the potential of ncRNAs as biomarkers, improving migraine diagnosis and treatment strategies for affected patients.