The microgenderome in migraine: integrating sex hormones, microbial composition, and metabolic profiles into a sex-related framework.

Migraine is a common and painful condition, affecting many people worldwide. Women are more likely to experience migraines, with rates two to three times higher than men. Researchers are exploring how sex hormones and gut bacteria may influence migraines. Studies suggest that the gut-brain connection plays a role in migraine development. However, the links between sex hormones, gut microbes, and migraine symptoms are not well understood. This review looked at 22 studies to gather insights on these connections. It included various research types, such as clinical trials and animal studies. The findings indicate that sex-related differences in microbial composition and metabolism may affect migraine experiences. Understanding these factors could help in developing better treatments tailored to different patients. More research is needed to clarify these relationships and improve care for those suffering from migraines. Clinical relevance: This research highlights the potential for personalized migraine treatments based on sex differences and gut health.