Assessment of Chocolate, Cheese, and Caffeine as Migraine Triggers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Patient-Reported Trigger Rates.

Migraine affects about 14%-15% of people worldwide and causes significant disability. Many patients believe that certain foods trigger their migraines, especially chocolate, cheese, and caffeine. However, research findings on these triggers are often inconsistent. This study aimed to clarify how often these foods are reported as triggers. It involved a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing research. The authors searched multiple databases for relevant studies published up to November 2024. They focused on observational studies that provided numerical data about food triggers. The results showed that while many patients report these foods as triggers, the actual prevalence varies. This research helps to better understand the role of diet in migraine attacks. It may assist healthcare providers in giving more accurate advice to patients about their dietary choices and potential migraine triggers. Clinical relevance: This research highlights the variability of dietary triggers in migraines, guiding clinicians in personalized dietary recommendations for patients.