The global burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990-2021: a multi-model Bayesian meta-regression with decomposition of age-period-cohort effects, health inequalities, and frontier analysis.

Headache disorders, including migraine and tension-type headache, are a significant global health issue. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 found that these headaches affect millions worldwide. Researchers analyzed data from 204 countries and 21 regions to understand their impact better. They looked at how these headaches vary by age, sex, and socio-demographic factors. The study found that while the number of people with headaches stayed similar since 1990, the years lived with disability rose significantly. Young and middle-aged women experienced the highest burden. The research used complex models to predict future trends and health inequalities. This information helps identify where the greatest needs are and how to address them. Overall, the study highlights the ongoing challenges posed by headaches and the need for effective interventions to reduce their impact on individuals and society. Clinical relevance: This research highlights the need for targeted headache management strategies, especially for young and middle-aged women.