The Estrogen-CGRP Axis in Migraine: Neuroimmune Mechanisms, Sex Differences, and Therapeutic Implications.

Migraine is a common disorder that affects many people, especially women. Research shows that estrogen and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) may play key roles. These two factors interact and influence how migraines develop. The review discusses how estrogen affects CGRP signalling and sensitivity in the brain's pain pathways. It also highlights how these interactions change throughout a woman's life. Evidence suggests that when estrogen levels drop or fluctuate, migraine susceptibility increases. This means that hormonal changes can affect how likely someone is to experience migraines. Understanding these mechanisms can help in developing better treatments for migraines. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of the estrogen-CGRP connection in understanding and treating migraines, particularly in women. Clinical relevance: This research highlights how hormonal changes in women may increase migraine risk, suggesting targeted treatments could improve outcomes for female patients.