Clinical characteristics and exploratory serum biomarker findings in vestibular migraine: a cross-sectional case-control study.

Vestibular migraine (VM) is a common condition that causes dizziness and headaches. Diagnosing VM can be difficult due to overlapping symptoms with other disorders. This study aimed to better understand VM's clinical features and identify potential biomarkers. Researchers studied 145 VM patients and 50 healthy individuals from May to December 2025. They collected information on demographics, symptoms, triggers, family history, and medical costs. The team also evaluated dizziness severity, headache impact, anxiety, depression, and cognitive function. They measured serum biomarkers like CGRP, GDF-15, FGF-21, and IL-17 to see if they could differentiate VM patients from healthy controls. The findings suggest that specific clinical symptoms and serum biomarkers may help improve VM diagnosis. This research could lead to better treatment options for those suffering from vestibular migraines and enhance understanding of this complex condition. Clinical relevance: This study highlights potential biomarkers that could improve diagnosis and treatment for vestibular migraine patients.