Microglia TREM1 promotes lipid droplet accumulation and microglia M1 polarization via NF-κB pathway to induce neuroinflammation-mediated central sensitization in chronic migraine.

Chronic migraine (CM) is linked to neuroinflammation and heightened sensitivity to pain. Researchers studied the role of TREM1, a receptor that influences inflammation in glial cells. They used mouse models of CM and stimulated microglial cells to understand TREM1's function. Various techniques, like western blot and immunofluorescence, were employed to measure TREM1 levels, microglial changes, and lipid metabolism. The study found that nitroglycerin increased TREM1 expression in specific microglial cells. This led to abnormal microglial activity and lipid droplet buildup. The NF-κB pathway was identified as a key player in this process. By blocking TREM1, researchers explored its effects on microglial behavior and neuroinflammation. Overall, the findings suggest that TREM1 contributes to the development of chronic migraine through its role in inflammation and central sensitization. Clinical relevance: This research indicates that targeting TREM1 may help develop new treatments for chronic migraine.